Table 1. Questionnaire survey items

Variables Measurement items Question items Source
Airline selection attributes Reservation services Convenient schedule, easy booking changes, diverse channels, friendly staff, direct flights. 5 Kim and Park (2015)
In-flight facilities Room cleanliness, seat convenience, luggage storage, aisle space, in-flight amenities. 5 Kim and Park (2015)
In-flight services In-flight dining, special meals, newspaper/magazine service, in-flight entertainment, broadcast service, crew appearance, cabin crew reception, duty-free products. 8 Kim and Park (2015)
Airport services Fast check-in, diverse boarding options, convenient and accurate procedures, preferred seat arrangement, friendly staff service, free baggage allowance, easy lost baggage handling. 8 Kim and Park (2015)
Online shopping services More choices, better service, lower risk, higher seller credibility, less time and effort, proficient online ticket purchase, improved ticket purchasing efficiency. 8 Feng (2009)
Marketing Discounts & rewards, advertising & promotion, brand image, partnership services. 4 Kim and Park (2015)
Perceived value Perceived value Brings joy, attractive, safe and reliable, likable. 4 Kim (2009)
Functional value Reasonable pricing, offered discounts, great value for money. 4 Kim (2009)
Recommendation intention Highly recommend, willing to share, eager to recommend. 3 Park (2010)